Santos Basin covers an area of 352,000 km². Petrobras discovered more than 40 Bn boe, in the Pre-Salt Play in the last decade. This geological play is the home of the supergiant and giant light oil fields such Lula, Sapinhoá, Búzios, Libra, franco, Guara, Iracema, Iara, Jupiter, etc. In the last five years, the average annual daily production of the pre-salt wells grew from ~ 100 Kboe/day to over 1,000 Kboe/day at the end of 2016.

The studied area is located in the southwest portion of Santos Basin and it incorporates several known fields as Tubarão, Estrela do Mar, Coral, Caravela and Cavalo Marinho.

The 3D geologic model is consistent with empirical data derived from the Shallow Santos area. It was built from 130 seismic lines (12,932 km) and from 12 calibration wells and 17 crude oils data. The complex burial history of Garujá and Guaratiba Formations was strongly affected by halokinesis, with direct implication on the thermal maturity of sources affected by these processes. The Southern Santos Basin contains oils derived from source rock facies representing two different generative petroleum systems ranging from lacustrine saline to marine anoxic. The Albian-Cenomanian petroleum system in the Santos Basin represents an undercharged system and therefore could not charge large volumes of hydrocarbons. This concept is in agreement with the oils found in the Tubarão and associated oil fields which are mixed with lacustrine condensates and gas, and are not filled to the spill point. The Guaratiba petroleum System, as its Lagoa Feia counterpart, in the Campos Basin, represents an overcharged system, for gas, in the platform and Salt Ramp domain, and liquids in the Salt Ramp and Mini-basin domain, and therefore charges large volumes of hydrocarbons over all reservoirs, ranging in time from Barremian to Eocene.

Recognition of the Guarujá marine anoxic and the Guaratiba lacustrine-saline petroleum systems, both active in the Salt-Ramp and Mini-basin Domains of the Southern Santos Basin, opens up an entirely new way of looking at oil generation, migration and accumulation within this part of the Santos basin and leads to a variety of new opportunities for plays and prospects.

​

Full references of all images are listed in the reports

1. Introduction
2. Regional Geology and Tectonic Framework
   1. Tectonic-Stratigraphic Framework
      1. Methodology
      2. Seismic Interpretation Results
3. Exploratory History
4. Elements of the Petroleum Systems
   1. Source Rocks and Hydrocarbons
      1. Source Rock Characterization
         1. The lacustrine Guaratiba Formation
         2. Marine Carbonate Guarujá Formation
         3. Marine-Upper Cenomanian-Turonian Itajai-Açu Formation
      2. Oils Characterization
   2. Reservoirs, Seals and Leads Analysis
      1. Guarujá Formation
      2. Ilhabela Member/Itajaí-Açu Formation
      3. Leads Characterization
5. 3D Petroleum Systems Modeling
   1. Introductory Information
   2. Building the Model (Input Data)
      1. 1 Location of the Modeled Area
      2. Main Input Data
      3. Geometry, Stratigraphy and Lithology
      4. Salt distribution through the time
      5. Calibration
      6. Source rock definition
      7. Paleo Water Depth
      8. Surface Water Interface Temperature
   3. Maturity Modeling Results
      1. Maturity of the source rocks
      2. Evolution of transformation ratio at source levels
      3. Transformation ratio and expulsion time
   4. Petroleum Migration
      1. Albian accumulations
      2. Cenomanian-Turonian accumulations
      3. Petroleum System Mass Balance
      4. Conclusions
6. Petroleum Systems of the Santos Basin
   1. Guaratiba-Marambaia ()
   2. Guarujá ()
7. Exploratory Implications and Risk Analyses
   1. Exploratory Risk Analyses
8. References